Iron+ans+Steel


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1. OPINION ABOUT THE QUOTATION FROM THE RECORDING: “//the old cast iron buildings died out. I'm not really sure whether the new skyscrapers killed them, or the new esthetics//” ** // This quotation talks about the substitution of iron as a construction material. Besides that the cast process was cheap and easy, and the Iron provided a “classic elegance”, the painting of the casting iron in the facades was a problem with the fires in the city. By this, the steel replaced iron as construction material. Due its better properties, with steel was possible to construct taller buildings, with a new esthetic style. // // With iron and steel is possible to build stronger and taller structures than using bricks and stone. Iron and steel are metals, which have better mechanical properties to produce greater unsupported spans. // // The iron and the steel are the most important structural materials. The evolution of the steel as a material used for construction in this century changed the concepts of the elaboration of walls and the support of the structures for building construction // //The steel is a //// strong, elastic, and workable metallic material, and with high resistance in all stresses (tension, compression and bending). // // Steel is sensitive to corrosion. Due to this, the steel should be protected against corrosion when it is used in surfaces exposed. Two solutions for this problem is surface covering or the elaboration of alloys, as stainless steel. // // Welding is a process developed In the 20th century, which allow to produce fused joints with less labor and material, resulting in rigid continuous structures where the joint distribute the stresses between beams and columns. //  // Steel can be shaped in many forms, to elaborate structural members for the construction of buildings. The steel can be rolled in to elaborate plates, angles, I beams, and U-shaped channels. // // Stainless steel is considered a heavy metal alloy when is used as a structural material, but aluminum is a light metal. Also, exists other alloys made with light metals, for exterior construction, due to its weather resistance. //
 * 2. DISCUSSION ABOUT THE “IRON AND STEEL” TEXT **
 * • ****__ What are the advantages of iron and steel over stone and brick? __**
 * • ****__ What is the importance of steel and iron after the 20th. Century? __**
 * • ****__ What are the characteristics of steel? __**
 * • ****__ What are the disadvantages of steel and what solutions have been found? __**
 * • ****__ What is welding? What is its importance? Its characteristics. __**
 * • ****__ What shapes are formed with steel? __**
 * • ****__ Are aluminum and stainless steel heavy metal alloys? __**
 * 3 TIMELINE OF THE EVOLUTION IN THE USE OF METALS IN HISTORY ( ****// Created in Gliffy //**** ) **




 * 4. QUESTIONS FROM THE WORKSHEET **

1. Find the meaning of "Wrought Iron" and its uses //Wrought iron is the commercial pure iron, which has a very low carbon content. This kind of iron is though, malleable, ductile and easily welded. // //Wrought iron is used to make items like //// railway couplings, water and steam pipes, rivets, nuts , bolts , horseshoes and handrails. Additionally, wrought iron is occasionally used for the authentic conservation of historic structures. // 2. Answer: Do you think metals are "cold" materials? Explain //Yes, I think that metals are cold materials when they are used in construction for exteriors and facades. As urban planning student, my point of view is that metal buildings and structures (like factories) are associated with modernity. Modern cities, like anyone in USA, has many of these modern buildings, that represents, for me, economic activity where only money counts, making a very cold city, without history. //

<span style="color: purple; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; letter-spacing: 0.25pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> **5. SENTENCES USING THE WORDS FORM "FLASHCARDS"** //<span style="color: purple; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Arial; mso-tab-count: 1; msotabcount: 1;"> <span style="color: green; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; letter-spacing: 0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> - Concrete is a materia wich has a very high **<span style="color: green; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; letter-spacing: 0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">COMPRESSION **<span style="color: green; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; letter-spacing: 0.25pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">strength - Many kinds of steels are ** ALLOYS ** of iron with carbon and other metals, as chromium, manganese andtungsten. - The ** BRICK ** is the material used in the facades and in the streets in Piazza del Campo, in Siena. - ** WELDING ** is a process invented in the 20th century, which permits the fusing of different pieces of metal - One of the properties of steel is the high ** BENDING ** strength media type="file" key="Oraciones Daz.mp3"

[|Oraciones Daz.mp3] //